Truman’s True Warning on the CIA

Exclusive: National security secrecy and a benighted sense of “what’s good for the country” can be a dangerous mix for democracy, empowering self-interested or misguided officials to supplant the people’s will, as President Truman warned and ex-CIA analyst Ray McGovern explains.

By Ray McGovern

Fifty years ago, exactly one month after John Kennedy was killed, the Washington Post published an op-ed titled “Limit CIA Role to Intelligence.” The first sentence of that op-ed on Dec. 22, 1963, read, “I think it has become necessary to take another look at the purpose and operations of our Central Intelligence Agency.”

It sounded like the intro to a bleat from some liberal professor or journalist. Not so. The writer was former President Harry S. Truman, who spearheaded the establishment of the CIA 66 years ago, right after World War II, to better coordinate U.S. intelligence gathering. But the spy agency had lurched off in what Truman thought were troubling directions.

President Harry S. Truman.

President Harry S. Truman.

Sadly, those concerns that Truman expressed in that op-ed — that he had inadvertently helped create a Frankenstein monster — are as valid today as they were 50 years ago, if not more so.

Truman began his article by underscoring “the original reason why I thought it necessary to organize this Agency … and what I expected it to do.” It would be “charged with the collection of all intelligence reports from every available source, and to have those reports reach me as President without Department ‘treatment’ or interpretations.”

Truman then moved quickly to one of the main things bothering him. He wrote “the most important thing was to guard against the chance of intelligence being used to influence or to lead the President into unwise decisions.”

It was not difficult to see this as a reference to how one of the agency’s early directors, Allen Dulles, tried to trick President Kennedy into sending U.S. forces to rescue the group of invaders who had landed on the beach at the Bay of Pigs, Cuba, in April 1961 with no chance of success, absent the speedy commitment of U.S. air and ground support.

Wallowing in the Bay of Pigs

Arch-Establishment figure Allen Dulles had been offended when young President Kennedy had the temerity to ask questions about CIA plans before the Bay of Pigs debacle, which had been set in motion under President Dwight Eisenhower. When Kennedy made it clear he would NOT approve the use of U.S. combat forces, Dulles set out, with supreme confidence, to mousetrap the President.

Coffee-stained notes handwritten by Allen Dulles were discovered after his death and reported by historian Lucien S. Vandenbroucke. They show how Dulles drew Kennedy into a plan that was virtually certain to require the use of U.S. combat forces. In his notes, Dulles explained that, “when the chips were down,” Kennedy would be forced by “the realities of the situation” to give whatever military support was necessary “rather than permit the enterprise to fail.”

The “enterprise” which Dulles said could not fail was, of course, the overthrow of Fidel Castro. After mounting several failed operations to assassinate him, this time Dulles meant to get his man, with little or no attention to how the Russians might react. The reckless Joint Chiefs of Staff, whom then-Deputy Secretary of State George Ball later described as a “sewer of deceit,” relished any chance to confront the Soviet Union and give it, at least, a black eye.

But Kennedy stuck to his guns, so to speak. He fired Dulles and his co-conspirators a few months after the abortive invasion, and told a friend that he wanted to “splinter the CIA into a thousand pieces and scatter it into the winds.” The outrage was very obviously mutual.

When Kennedy himself was assassinated on Nov. 22, 1963, it must have occurred to Truman as it did to many others that the disgraced Dulles and his unrepentant associates might not be above conspiring to get rid of a president they felt was soft on Communism and get even for their Bay of Pigs fiasco.

‘Cloak and Dagger’

While Truman saw CIA’s attempted mousetrapping of President Kennedy as a particular outrage, his more general complaint is seen in his broader lament that the CIA had become “so removed from its intended role … I never had any thought that when I set up the CIA that it would be injected into peacetime cloak and dagger operations. … It has become an operational and at times a policy-making arm of the government.” Not only shaping policy through its control of intelligence, but also “cloak and dagger” operations, presumably including assassinations.

Truman concluded the op-ed with an admonition that was as clear as the syntax was clumsy: “I would like to see the CIA restored to its original assignment as the intelligence arm of the President, and that whatever else it can properly perform in that special field and that its operational duties be terminated or properly used elsewhere.” The importance and prescient nature of that admonition are even clearer today, a half-century later.

But Truman’s warning fell mostly on deaf ears, at least within Establishment circles. The Washington Post published the op-ed in its early edition on Dec. 22, 1963, but immediately excised it from later editions. Other media ignored it. The long hand of the CIA?

In Truman’s view, misuse of the CIA began in February 1953, when his successor, Dwight Eisenhower, named Allen Dulles as CIA director. Dulles’s forte was overthrowing governments (in current parlance, “regime change”), and he was quite good at it. With coups in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1954) under his belt, Dulles was riding high by the late Fifties and moved Cuba to the top of his to-do list.

The Truman Papers

Documents in the Truman Library show that nine days after Kennedy was assassinated, Truman sketched out in handwritten notes what he wanted to say in the op-ed. He noted, among other things, that the CIA had worked as he intended only “when I had control.”

Five days after the op-ed appeared, retired Admiral Sidney Souers, whom Truman had appointed to lead his first central intelligence group, sent a “Dear Boss” letter applauding Truman’s outspokenness and blaming Dulles for making the CIA “a different animal than the one I tried to set up for you.”

Souers specifically lambasted the attempt “to conduct a ‘war’ invading Cuba with a handful of men and without air cover.” He also lamented the fact that the agency’s “principal effort” had evolved into causing “revolutions in smaller countries around the globe,” and added: “With so much emphasis on operations, it would not surprise me to find that the matter of collecting and processing intelligence has suffered some.” (Again, as true today as it was 50 years ago.)

Clearly, the operational tail of the CIA was wagging its substantive dog, a serious problem that persists to this day.

Fox Guarding Hen House

After Kennedy was murdered in Dallas, the patrician, well-connected Dulles got himself appointed to the Warren Commission and took the lead in shaping the investigation of JFK’s assassination. Documents in the Truman Library show that Dulles also mounted a small domestic covert action of his own to neutralize any future airing of Truman’s and Souers’s warnings about covert action.

So important was this to Dulles that he invented a pretext to get himself invited to visit Truman in Independence, Missouri. On the afternoon of April 17, 1964, Dulles spent a half-hour one-on-one with the former president, trying to get him to retract what he had written in his op-ed. Hell No, said Harry.

Not a problem, Dulles decided. Four days later, in a formal memorandum of conversation for his old buddy Lawrence Houston, CIA general counsel from 1947 to 1973, Dulles fabricated a private retraction for Truman, claiming that Truman told him the Washington Post article was “all wrong,” and that Truman “seemed quite astounded at it.”

A fabricated retraction? It certainly seems so, because Truman did not change his tune. Far from it. In a June 10, 1964, letter to the managing editor of Look magazine, for example, Truman restated his critique of covert action, emphasizing that he never intended the CIA to get involved in “strange activities.”

Dulles and Dallas

Dulles could hardly have expected to get Truman to recant publicly. So why was it so important for Dulles to place in CIA files a fabricated retraction? I believe the answer lies in the fact that in early 1964 Dulles was feeling a lot of heat from many who were suggesting the CIA might have been involved somehow in the Kennedy assassination. Columnists were asking how the truth could ever be reached, with Allen Dulles as de facto head of the Warren Commission.

Dulles had good reason to fear that Truman’s limited-edition Washington Post op-ed of Dec. 22, 1963, might garner unwanted attention and raise troublesome questions about covert action, including assassination. He would have wanted to be in position to dig out of Larry Houston’s files the Truman “retraction,” in the hope that this would nip any serious questioning in the bud.

As the de facto head of the Warren Commission, Dulles was perfectly positioned to protect himself and his associates, were any commissioners or investigators, or journalists, tempted to question whether Dulles and the CIA played a role in killing Kennedy.

And so, the question: Did Allen Dulles and other “cloak-and-dagger” CIA operatives have a hand in John Kennedy’s assassination and in then covering it up? In my view, the best dissection of the evidence pertaining to the murder appeared in James Douglass’s 2008 book, JFK and the Unspeakable. After updating and arraying the abundant evidence, and conducting still more interviews, Douglass concludes that the answer is Yes.

Obama Intimidated?

The mainstream media had an allergic reaction to Douglass’s book and gave it almost no reviews. It is, nevertheless, still selling well. And, more important, it seems a safe bet that President Barack Obama knows what it says and maybe has even read it. This may go some way toward explaining why Obama has been so deferential to the CIA, NSA, FBI and the Pentagon.

Could this be at least part of the reason he felt he had to leave the Cheney/Bush-anointed torturers, kidnappers and black-prison wardens in place, instructing his first CIA chief Leon Panetta to become, in effect, the agency’s lawyer rather than leader.

Is this why the President feels he cannot fire his clumsily devious Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, who had to apologize to Congress for giving “clearly erroneous” testimony in March? Is this why he allows National Security Agency Director Keith Alexander and counterparts in the FBI to continue to mislead the American people, even though the intermittent snow showers from Snowden show our senior national security officials to have lied — and to have been out of control?

This may be small solace to President Obama, but there is no sign that the NSA documents that Snowden’s has released include the Senate Intelligence Committee’s 6,300-page report on CIA torture. Rather, that report, at least, seems sure to be under Obama’s and Senate Intelligence Committee chair Dianne Feinstein’s tight control.

But the timorous President has a big problem. He is acutely aware that, if released, the Senate committee report would create a firestorm almost certainly implicating Obama’s CIA Director John Brennan and many other heavy-hitters of whom he appears to be afraid. And so Obama has allowed Brennan to play bureaucratic games, delaying release of the report for more than a year, even though its conclusions are said to closely resemble earlier findings of the CIA’s own Inspector General and the Constitution Project (see below).

Testimony of Ex-CIA General Counsel

Hat tip to the New Yorker’s Jane Mayer, who took the trouble to read the play-by-play of testimony to the Senate Intelligence Committee by former CIA General Counsel (2009-2013) Stephen W. Preston, nominated (and now confirmed) to be general counsel at the Department of Defense.

Under questioning by Sen. Mark Udall, D-Colorado, Preston admitted outright that, contrary to the CIA’s insistence that it did not actively impede congressional oversight of its detention and interrogation program, “briefings to the committee included inaccurate information related to aspects of the program of express interest to Members.”

That “inaccurate information” apparently is thoroughly documented in the Senate Intelligence Committee report which, largely because of the CIA’s imaginative foot-dragging, cost taxpayers $40 million. Udall has revealed that the report (which includes 35,000 footnotes) contains a very long section titled “C.I.A. Representations on the C.I.A. Interrogation Program and the Effectiveness of the C.I.A.’s Enhanced Interrogation Techniques to Congress.”

Preston also acknowledged that the CIA inadequately informed the Justice Department on interrogation and detention. He said, “CIA’s efforts fell well short of our current practices when it comes to providing information relevant to [the Office of Legal Counsel]’s legal analysis.”

As Katherine Hawkins, the senior investigator for last April’s bipartisan, independent report by the Constitution Project’s Task Force on Detainee Treatment, noted in an Oct. 18, 2013 posting, the memos from acting OLC chief, Steven Bradbury, relied very heavily on now-discredited CIA claims that “enhanced interrogation” saved lives, and that the sessions were carefully monitored by medical and psychological personnel to ensure that detainees’ suffering would not rise to the level of torture.

According to Hawkins, Udall complained and Preston admitted that, in providing the materials requested by the committee, “the CIA removed several thousand CIA documents that the agency thought could be subjected to executive privilege claims by the President, without any decision by Obama to invoke the privilege.”

Worse still for the CIA, the Senate Intelligence Committee report apparently destroys the agency’s argument justifying torture on the grounds that there was no other way to acquire the needed information save through brutalization. In his answers to Udall, Preston concedes that, contrary to what the agency has argued, it can and has been established that legal methods of interrogation would have yielded the same intelligence.

Is anyone still wondering why our timid President is likely to sit on the Senate Intelligence Committee report for as long as he can? Or why he will let John Brennan redact it to a fare-thee-well, if he is eventually forced to release some of it by pressure from folks who care about things like torture?

It does appear that the newly taciturn CIA Director Brennan has inordinate influence over the President in such matters not unlike the influence that both DNI Clapper and NSA Director Alexander seem able to exert. In this respect, Brennan joins the dubious company of the majority of his predecessor CIA directors, as they made abundantly clear when they went to inordinate lengths to prevent their torturer colleagues from being held accountable.

(Also, see “CIA Torturers Running Scared,” Sept. 20, 2009; or “Are Presidents Afraid of the CIA?” Dec. 29, 2009)

Ray McGovern works with Tell the Word, a publishing arm of the ecumenical Church of the Saviour in inner-city Washington. He was as an Army Infantry/Intelligence officer in the early 60s and then a CIA analyst for 27 years.  He now serves on the Steering Group of Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity (VIPS). 

14 comments for “Truman’s True Warning on the CIA

  1. Yellowbird
    December 29, 2013 at 17:39

    Would someone please send this article to President Obama?

  2. ziply2.0
    December 28, 2013 at 15:04

    3 cheers for fake guy ziply, classic state-scripted persona! The falling-below-your-usual-standards attack, followed up with the magic words ‘conspiracy theory,’ (which seems to have a mysterious persuasive power in the minds of CIA shills and no one else). Then some verbal stylings and turns of phrase: he/she/it seemed particularly proud of ‘unknown lands’ and ‘surveillance juggernaut.’ Intriguing, that ziply feels impelled to debunk Obama’s obvious and abject fear of his CIA puppetmasters, when everyone remembers Christopher Edley’s account of the first time CIA whapped the young pup’s muzzle with a rolled-up newspaper,

    http://warisacrime.org/content/insider-tells-why-obama-chose-not-prosecute-torture

    and everyone remembers the pointed close calls that follow Obama’s least demur:

    http://whowhatwhy.com/2011/12/13/the-military-and-those-strange-threats-to-obama/

    and most recently, the whimsical antics of murderous lone nut Thamsanqa Jantjie at Mandela’s funeral.

    Sadly for ziply, the word is out. Obama’s Brennan’s trembling stooge.

  3. ziply
    December 26, 2013 at 21:55

    I normally find McGovern’s writings respectable, but here he starts off covering good ground, totters over into one man’s conspiracy theory, then lurches into unknown lands where Presidents — including a supposedly timid President Obama — dare not cross swords with our surveillance juggernaut for fear of assassination. I agree that the CIA and NSA are out of control, but I am highly skeptical of McG’s assertions in the last half of his article.

  4. December 26, 2013 at 20:00

    Very good article.

    A quibble about Obama.

    Obama’s first job after Columbia college was for “Business International” corporation, which the New York Times outed in 1977 as a CIA front. The crazy rants about the Muslim socialist alleged background of Obama are diversions from looking at his early training to be part of the Empire. Obama also had Cold Warrior Zbigniew Brzezinski as a mentor at Columbia – Brzezinski was Carter’s National Security Advisor and architect of the “long nuclear war” plan (“Presidential Directive 59,” signed in 1979). http://www.oilempire.us/obama.html

    from another review of “JFK and the Unspeakable”

    It is my belief that since the JFK assassination the secret government, the CIA and the [Military Industrial Complex], have been running the show. They have not allowed anyone to become president, from either party, that was not under their control.
    — Bruce Gagnon, Global Network Against Weapons & Nuclear Power in Space
    http://space4peace.blogspot.com/2008/07/jfks-conversion-from-war.html

  5. Joe Ratley
    December 23, 2013 at 23:59

    I’m 59 and remember JFK’s assassination clearly; I was in the 4th grade. It was the end of my view of America as a child. I read Esquire’s article “The Flight from Dallas” in their October 2013 80th Anniversary Issue and I most strongly urge one and all to read it. I won’t recap it here, yet consider three things. Time and again Jackie, the President’s Secret Service detail, and others intimate to this horrible stain on our nation say “they” when referring to JFK’s murderers. Jackie refused to change her bloody clothes while on board Air Force One en route back to Washington; she said “I want the nation to see what THEY did to John”. LBJ tried to shuffle her, and the casket, off the plane out of sight. She would have none of it. Yeah, I voted for Obama twice, but I think he’s a liar, a coward, and incompetent in his office. I think he’s scared that the CIA and the military-industrial complex might assassinate him if he doesn’t carry their water and toe the line.

  6. Joe Tedesky
    December 23, 2013 at 12:40

    I like this Truman, not the Harry who dropped the bomb.

    Truman, maybe old and repenting. He, also maybe doing a denying Peter saying, ‘I don’t know this guy Jesus! Like he wasn’t the babies father. For crying out loud somebody just killed a president, what’s wrong with a little ‘cya’?

    What is going on these days is certainly interesting. I always look forward to what you have to say, thanks Ray.

  7. Tegan Mathis
    December 23, 2013 at 06:46

    I don’t know how the CIA has managed to manipulate Barack Obama, but I can tell you exactly how they managed to manipulate President John F. Kennedy and Attorney General Bobby Kennedy.

    In May 1963, Bobby Kennedy’s good friend came calling with some really big news. He had established contact with a top Cuban official (inside of Cuba) who said he would be willing to stage a coup against Fidel Castro if the Kennedy’s were willing to help. Bobby agreed to support the plan at arm’s length. However, just days before it was supposed to go down, President Kennedy was assassinated. The mission was aborted.

    But here’s the thing: Bobby Kennedy’s good friend never really made contact with a top Cuban official. And there never really was a plan to oust Castro. It was all a ruse.

    The CIA concocted the whole thing to make Bobby Kennedy think he was partially responsible for the murder of his own brother. Lee Oswald, you see, was a part of the (fake) plan to oust Castro. The CIA convinced Bobby that Oswald went rogue, turning his gun against the President. That’s why there are so many conflicting stories about Oswald and Cuba.

    That’s also why FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, with the full cooperation and endorsement of Attorney General Bobby Kennedy, quickly declared that the JFK assassination had been the work of one man acting alone. The case was closed immediately, supposedly (and secretly) to protect extremely sensitive intelligence operations and operatives inside Cuba and the Soviet Union. (You will recall that Oswald had temporarily defected to the Soviet Union.) This is precisely how the CIA wanted the assassination investigation to be handled, and they knew Bobby would go along with it. Bobby was their unwitting ringer.

    Alexander Haig ran the entire operation under CIA cover. President Kennedy had put Army Secretary Cyrus Vance in charge of all operations in Cuba. Vance had put Haig in charge of the CIA’s Cuban Brigade. However, Bobby Kennedy’s good friend, the man who eventually set Bobby up, was a Cuban Brigade man — thus a CIA man — since before JFK even became president.

    Are you starting to get the picture? It’s pretty simple stuff once you know who the players are.

    The truth almost surfaced a decade later when CIA officer Howard Hunt was linked to the Watergate burglars. Hunt had assembled the Cuban Brigade in the first place. Therefore, any proper investigation into Watergate would have led right back to Haig and the JFK assassination. In the end, Haig forced Nixon out to protect himself. Again, it’s pretty simple stuff.

    If you want to know more, please read Sins of the Vicar: How Alexander Haig Murdered John F. Kennedy by Tegan Mathis. (That’s me.) I’m not pulling your leg. The truth is not complicated at all. Once you understand the Haig-Hunt connection, you will understand the JFK assassination and Watergate for the first time.

  8. Joe Tedesky
    December 23, 2013 at 03:38

    I like this Truman, not the Harry who dropped the bomb.

    Truman, maybe old and repenting. He, also maybe doing a Peter saying, ‘I don’t know this guy Jesus! Like he wasn’t the babies father. For crying out loud somebody just killed a president.

    What is going on these days is certainly interesting. I always look forward to what you have to say, thanks Ray.

  9. Evan Whitton
    December 22, 2013 at 18:43

    Former CIA boss James Wolsey says Snowden should be hanged

    Clearly, any number of CIA operatives should have been hanged for murder, including Richard Helms, who Douglass says organised the murder of J. F. Kennedy.

  10. F. G. Sanford
    December 22, 2013 at 16:17

    Ray,
    By virtue of lawful “chain of command”, the military leadership has no authority and no legitimate avenue to resist, subvert, disobey or otherwise thwart (I love that word too.) any policy of The President unless it violates The Constitution, United States Public Law or The Uniform Code of Military Justice.
    “Executive Privilege” grants to The President essentially that same authority over civilian agencies within the Federal Government.

    The United States public must be brought to understand that, as the titular if not the de facto “Commander in Chief”, regardless of any bureaucratic deceptions, secrecy policies or convoluted legal opinions, responsibility for and authority to impose any policy decision rests squarely on The President. Thus Harry Truman’s succinct pronouncement: “The buck stops here.”

    In the eyes of the law, Clapper’s lies are The President’s lies. Alexander’s lies are The President’s lies. Brennan’s lies are The President’s lies. CIA and NSA policies are The President’s policies. “State Secrets” are the purview of “Executive Privilege”. There is NO LAW that forbids The President to tell the truth. But THERE ARE laws that forbid obstruction of justice.

    If The President is not the originator of these policies, and he did not order these activities, then who is responsible? This is the fundamental question that must be answered. Unless coerced or lied to, The President can delegate authority, but not responsibility. Any other interpretation misses the crux of the issue: “Who is in charge?”

    Scott Shane’s October 17, 2009 NY Times article states, “For six years, the agency has fought in federal court to keep secret hundreds of documents from 1963, when an anti-Castro Cuban group it paid clashed publicly with the soon-to-be assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald. The C.I.A. says it is only protecting legitimate secrets. But because of the agency’s history of stonewalling assassination inquiries, even researchers with no use for conspiracy thinking question its stance.”

    This is prima facie evidence of obstruction of justice in the investigation of a State Crime Against Democracy. Please see my comments under Danny Schechter’s article, ‘Snowden’s Leaks Doom NSA Snooping’. Unfortunately, I don’t think they do. There’s something terribly Nixonian about this whole scenario. It’s time to stop pretending.

    If you’ve read this far, a thousand thanks for your patience, patriotism and dedication.

  11. fairandbalancedfredo
    December 22, 2013 at 13:48

    It is likely more difficult for the CIA today to eliminate a U. S. president it opposes. No president will ever again be talked into riding in an open air limo. While the CIA might resort to something like a helicopter crash, this would immediately arouse heavy public suspicion.

    It seems likely that the CIA will continue to use the tool of character assassination
    (as with Clinton) for presidents it opposes.

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